Table 1. Patient demographics and cycle characteristics in the development and validation cohort

Development cohort (n = 2600) Validation cohort (n = 1416)
Characteristics No live birth (n = 1,580) Live birth (n = 1,020) No live birth (n = 873) Live birth (n = 543)
Age – years (mean ± SD) 33.0 ± 4.7** 31.4 ± 4.0** 33.5 ± 4.9** 31.8 ± 4.5**
Age group – years (%)
 ≤25 71 (4.5) 71 (7.0) 33 (3.8) 40 (7.4)
 26–30 433 (27.4) 362 (35.5) 214 (24.5) 166 (30.6)
 31–35 619 (39.2) 416 (40.8) 326 (37.3) 224 (41.3)
 36–40 368 (23.3) 163 (16.0) 230 (26.3) 97 (17.9)
 >40 89 (5.6) 8 (0.8) 70 (8.0) 16 (2.9)
BMI – kg/m2 (mean ± SD) 20.9 ± 2.3 21.0 ± 2.3 21.0 ± 2.4 21.0 ± 2.3
Anti-Müllerian hormone – ng/mL (mean ± SD) 5.4 ± 3.6** 6.3 ± 3.9** 4.1 ± 2.9** 5.4 ± 3.6**
Antral follicle count – n (mean ± SD) 13.0 ± 6.8** 14.9 ± 6.7** 11.2 ± 6.4** 12.7 ± 6.4**
Duration of infertility – year (mean ± SD) 5.0 ± 3.5* 4.6 ± 3.3* 5.0 ± 3.5 4.8 ± 3.2
Type of infertility – n (%) * *
 Primary 620 (39.2) 453 (44.4) 512 (58.6) 336 (61.9)
 Secondary 960 (60.8) 567 (55.6) 361 (41.4) 207 (38.1)
IVF indications – n (%) ** ** ** **
 Male factor infertility 546 (34.6) 434 (42.5) 266 (30.5) 214 (39.4)
 Tubal 321 (20.3) 198 (19.4) 168 (19.2) 103 (19.0)
 Diminished ovarian reserve 218 (13.8) 64 (6.3) 184 (21.1) 69 (12.7)
 Unexplained 219 (13.9) 133 (13.0) 129 (14.8) 64 (11.8)
 Ovulation disorder 129 (8.2) 116 (11.4) 54 (6.2) 57 (10.5)
 Endometriosis 47 (3.0) 19 (1.9) 22 (2.5) 9 (1.7)
 Others 100 (6.3) 56 (5.5) 50 (5.7) 27 (5.0)
Number of IVF attempts – n (%) * * * *
 1 1181 (74.7) 823 (80.7) 680 (77.9) 422 (77.7)
 2 262 (16.6) 146 (14.3) 123 (14.1) 86 (15.8)
 3 89 (5.6) 38 (3.7) 46 (5.3) 19 (3.5)
 4 25 (1.6) 7 (0.7) 17 (1.9) 6 (1.1)
 5 15 (0.9) 3 (0.3) 6 (0.7) 5 (0.9)
 ≤6 8 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.9)
Duration of stimulation – days (mean ± SD) 9.2 ± 1.5 9.1 ± 1.4 9.1 ± 1.4 9.0 ± 1.3
Total dose of rFSH used – IU (mean ± SD) 2648.3 ± 909.9** 2424.4 ± 843.5** 2997.5 ± 837.0** 2725.6 ± 781.8**
Type of trigger – n (%) * *
 Agonist trigger 174 (11.0) 98 (9.6) 93 (10.7) 87 (16.0)
 hCG trigger 1406 (89.0) 922 (90.4) 780 (89.3) 456 (84.0)
Estradiol level on day of trigger – pg/mL (mean ± SD) 7170.6 ± 6135.3 7440.3 ± 6351.8 5235.9 ± 4773.2** 6453.2 ± 5716.6**
Progesterone level on day of trigger – ng/mL (mean ± SD) 1.3 ± 1.0 1.3 ± 1.1 1.2 ± 1.1 1.2 ± 0.8
 <1.5 1046 (70.8) 719 (75.4) 665 (80.2) 411 (80.9)
 ≥1.5 431 (29.2) 234 (24.6) 164 (19.8) 97 (19.1)
Number of oocyte retrieved – n (mean ± SD) 12.4 ± 6.1** 14.2 ± 6.1** 11.2 ± 5.7** 13.5 ± 6.4**
Proportion of women with the number of oocytes retrieved – n (%)
 1 – 3 28 (1.8) 5(0.5) 18(2.1) 6(1.1)
 4 – 9 485 (30.7) 217 (21.3) 349 (40.0) 151 (27.8)
 10 – 15 651 (41.2) 460 (45.1) 305 (34.9) 206 (37.9)
 >15 416 (26.3) 416 (26.3) 201 (23.0) 180 (33.1)
Number of embryos – n (mean ± SD) 5.6 ± 3.3** 7.0 ± 3.3** 5.5 ± 3.4** 7.0 ± 3.6**
Number of good embryos – n (mean ± SD) * *
 Fresh ET 1073 (67.9) 741 (72.6) 585 (67.0) 347 (63.9)
 Frozen ET 507 (32.1) 279 (27.4) 288 (33.0) 196 (36.1)
Number of subsequent FET after first transfer – n(%) ** ** ** **
 0 923 (58.4) 477 (46.8) 364 (41.7) 159 (29.3)
 1 – 2 489 (30.9) 357 (35.0) 388 (44.4) 288 (53.0)
 3 – 4 137 (8.7) 146 (14.3) 117 (13.4) 83 (15.3)
 ≥5 31 (2.0) 40 (3.9) 4 (0.5) 13 (2.4)
P < 0.05;
P < 0.001.
BMI = body mass index; ET = embryo transfer; FET = frozen embryo transfer; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin; IVF = in vitro fertilization; rFSH = recombinant follicle stimulating hormone; SD = standard deviation.