| HAIs | ~16% (HICs);~33% (LMICs) | 33% (pediatric ICU)19.3- 31.3% (ICUs)2-10% (in general) | Prolonged usage of tubes/ catheters and antibiotics; Infant, elderly and people with immunodeficiency or chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes etc.); Poor hygiene application; | [1-4] [13, 29, 32, 33] |
| Ventilator associated respiratory infection (VARI):Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) | 32% (VAP, ICU);~9% (VAP, HICs);~20% (VAP, LMICs) | 9.9% (ICU); 3080% of HAIs | Ventilation application;Hyperchlorhydria; chronic pulmonary diseases | [1-4] [15] |
| Central line associated / Catheter- related bloodstream infections (CLABSI/ CRBSI) | 20% (ICU);~4% (HICs);~9% (LMICs) | 4.4% (ICU); 6.6% (BSI, general)10-30% of HAIs | Prolonged usage of catheters | [1-4] [13, 28, 33] |
| Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) | 20% (ICU)~4% (HICs);~9% (LMICs) | 10-30% of HAIs (for UTI in general) | Prolonged usage of catheters;Diabetes; Renal failure; Pregnancy | [1-4] [13, 26-28, 33] |
| Surgical site infections (SSI) | 6-12% | 20- 40% of HAIs | Surgical techniques, Obesity;Malnourishment; Low hygiene of surgical equipment and postoperative wound care; | [1-4] [13, 16, 24, 25, 28, 33] |