| Sex |
| Male | 7 (38.9) |
| Female | 11 (61.1) |
| Age (median, IQR) | 59.5 (40.0 – 75.0) |
| <= 59 years old | 10 (55.6) |
| >59 years old | 8 (44.4) |
| Diabetes duration by years (mean, SD) |
| N = 16 | 9.0 ± 4.8 |
| Missing | 2 |
| Morbility N = 18 |
| None of other chronic diseases | 11 (61.1) |
| With other chronic diseases | 7 (39.9) |
| Diabetes medication use |
| Biguanides plus herbal pills | 3 (11.8) |
| Herbal pills only | 15 (88.2) |
| History of Gastritis diagnosis |
| Yes | 7 (39.9) |
| No | 11 (61.1) |
| Total herbal pills per days, pills (mean, SD) |
| N = 16 | 9.0 ± 8.0 |
| Missing | 2 |
| Periods of time for herbal pill consumption, months (median, IQR) |
| N = 16 | 12 (1 – 96) |
| Missing | 2 |
| Stress (in business, in daily life) | 18 (100.0) |