| Gender |
| Female | 83 | 40.3 | 123 | 59.7 | 1 | | | |
| Male | 62 | 37.8 | 102 | 62.2 | 0.9 (0.59 – 1.38) | 0.627 | | |
| Age |
| 60-69 | 58 | 36.0 | 103 | 64.0 | 1 | | | |
| 70-79 | 58 | 42.3 | 79 | 57.7 | 1.3 (0.82-2.08) | 0.266 | | |
| 80-89 | 27 | 39.1 | 42 | 63.9 | 1.14 (0.64 – 2.04) | 0.655 | | |
| From 90 | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 33.3 | 3.55 (0.32-40.02) | 0.305 | | |
| Ethic group Kinh | 41 | 27.9 | 106 | 72.1 | 1 | | 1 | |
| Others | 104 | 46.64 | 119 | 53.36 | 2.26 (1.45-3.53) | <0.001* | 2.24 (0.7-7.16) | 0.174 |
| Education level |
| Secondary school and lower | 67 | 30.59 | 152 | 69.41 | 1 | | 1 | |
| From high school | 78 | 51.66 | 73 | 48.34 | 2.42 (1.58-3.72) | <0.001* | 3.22 (0.85-12.19) | 0.085 |
| Occupation |
| Farmer | 48 | 31.8 | 103 | 68.2 | 1 | | 1 | |
| Others | 97 | 44.3 | 122 | 55.7 | 1.71 (1.11-2.63) | 0.016* | 0.23 (0.06-0.92) | 0.038* |
| Ecomonic status |
| Poor/near poor | 29 | 35.8 | 52 | 64.2 | 1 | | | |
| Sufficient/have saving | 116 | 40.14 | 173 | 59.86 | 1.2 (0.72-2.0) | 0.48 | | |
| Live alone |
| No | 133 | 38.3 | 214 | 61.7 | 1 | | | |
| Yes | 12 | 52.2 | 11 | 47.8 | 1.76 (0.75 – 4.09) | 0.193 | | |
| The person who helps to buy medicines |
| Others | 38 | 24.36 | 118 | 75.64 | 1 | | 1 | |
| By themselves | 107 | 50.0 | 107 | 50.0 | 3.11 (1.97 – 4.89) | <0.001* | 0.17 (0.035-0.86) | 0.032* |
| The locations to buy antibiotics |
| Local private pharmacy | 13 | 5.5 | 223 | 94.5 | 1 | | 1 | |
| Local health center/Public hospital/private clinic | 132 | 98.51 | 2 | 1.49 | 1132.2 (251.56-5095.2) | <0.001* | 6302.6 (617.4-64336.6) | <0.001* |
| Obtained information related to antibiotic uses |
| No/Not remember | 56 | 28.8 | 161 | 74.2 | 1 | | 1 | |
| Yes | 89 | 58.2 | 64 | 41.8 | 3.99 (2.57 – 6.22) | <0.001* | 0.68 (0.14-3.31) | 0.631 |
| Chronic disease (hypertension/COPD/tuberculosis/asthma/coronary heart diseases) |
| Yes | 127 | 40.7 | 185 | 59.3 | 1 | | | |
| No | 18 | 31.0 | 40 | 70.0 | 0.66 (0.36-1.19) | 0.168 | | |