1979 | Turkey | Law no 2238 on the Harvesting, Storage, Grafting, and Transplantation of Organs and Tissues [28] | Forbidding buying and selling and all advertisement in connection with the harvesting and donation of organs and tissues and require penalty. |
1991 | WHO | WHA44.25 Resolution [45] | Protection to minors and other vulnerable persons from coercion and improper exploitation to donate organs |
Legislation against TT during 2000-2010 |
2004 | WHO | WHA57.18 Resolution [46] | Measures to protect the poorest and most vulnerable groups from “TT” |
2005 | Council of Europe | CETS No. 197 [47] | Action against trafficking of human organs |
2006 | World Medical Association | Resolution [48] | Demand China to stop using prisoners as organ donors |
20082018 | Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology | Istanbul declaration [49] | Define TTCall to bring TT to an end |
Legislation of leading nations/organizations against TT and organ harvesting in China during 2010 - 2016 |
February 2014 | United States | Resolution HR0730 of the State of Illinois [50] | Condemning Forced Organ Harvesting, urge the government to bring an end to the revolting practice of harvesting organs from living Falun Gong practitioners for transplants |
October 2014 | | Resolution No.1052 of Pennsylvania State [51] | Calling upon the People’s Republic of China to immediately end the practice of forced organ harvesting |
2015 | Council of Europe | Treaty series – No.216 [49] | Action against trafficking of human organs |
2016 | European Parliament | Rule 136 of Parliament’s Rules of Procedure [49] | End organ harvesting from prisoners of conscience in China |
2016 | World Medical Association | Repeated Resolution [48] | Demand China to stop using prisoners as organ donors |
2016 | United States | Resolution 343 of US House of Representatives[52] | Expressing concern regarding organ harvesting in the People’s Republic of China |
Legislation/policies against TT/organ harvesting in China by other nations from 2006 - now |
2006 | Australia | Australian Health Ministry [53] | Abolition of training programs for Chinese doctors in organ transplant technique Banning joint research programs with China on organ transplant. |
2008 | Israel | Israel Organ Transplant Act [11] | Prohibit reimbursement. Three years’ imprisonment and a large fine for the purchase, sale, or brokerage of an organ |
2009 | Spain | The New Criminal Code [11] | Consider the illegal trafficking of human organs as a felony |
2010 | | The New Criminal Code, Article 156 bis [11] | Impose penalties for participants of organ trafficking with imprisonment from six to twelve years |
2012 | Malaysia | Ministry of Health [31] | Prohibit reimbursement to TT patients |
2015 | Taiwan | The Human Organ Transplantation Act [11] | Fine and imprisonment of 1 to 5 years for involvement in brokering organs or organ tourism Doctors who engage in organ brokerage will have their licenses revoked |
2015 | Italy | Senate Bill [11] | 3 to 12 years’ imprisonment and a fine between 50,000 and 300,000 euros Doctors who promote or facilitate illegal organ tourism would face lifetime disqualification |
2016 | | Law No. 2937 [11] | Ban organ trafficking in November 2016 |
2017 | Norway | The Norwegian law of June 16th 2017 nr. 54[10] | Prevent and combat trade with human organs Increased penalties for breach of the provisions in legislation |
2019 | Belgium | Amendment to the Belgian Penal Code [46] | Imprison up to 10 years and a fine of up to 75,000 EUR for anyone who forcedly takes an organ from a person |