| Social-economic characteristics |
| Age, median (IQR) | 63 | (55 – 70) |
| Age group, n (%) | | |
| <50 years old | 48 | 14.6 |
| 50-59 years old | 81 | 24.5 |
| ≥60 years old | 201 | 60.9 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 166 | 50.3 |
| Ethnicity (Kinh), n (%) | 323 | 97.9 |
| Education level, n (%) | | |
| Below primary school | 35 | 10.6 |
| Secondary school | 81 | 24.5 |
| High school | 161 | 48.8 |
| Higher than high school | 53 | 16.1 |
| Using health insurance (yes), n (%) | 328 | 99.4 |
| Living with relatives (yes), n (%) | 317 | 96.1 |
| Health conditions | | |
| NYHA classification of heart failure, n (%) |
| Class I | 189 | 57.3 |
| Class II | 81 | 24.5 |
| Class III, IV | 60 | 18.2 |
| Time from the first diagnosis to study, n (%) | | |
| 1st year | 39 | 11.8 |
| 2nd year | 114 | 34.5 |
| 3rd or 4th year | 89 | 27.0 |
| 5th year or more | 88 | 26.7 |
| Time from first diagnosis to first treatment, n (%) | | |
| In the first year | 296 | 89.7 |
| In the second year or farther | 34 | 10.3 |
| Emergency hospitalization in the previous year, n (%) | | |
| No | 192 | 58.2 |
| Once | 86 | 26.1 |
| Twice or more | 52 | 15.8 |
| Comorbidities (least one), n (%) | 303 | 91.8 |
| Hypertension | 244 | 73.9 |
| Diabetes | 78 | 23.6 |
| Dyslipidemia | 165 | 50.0 |
| Lung disease | 22 | 6.7 |
| Kidney disease | 33 | 10.0 |
| Liver failure | 6 | 1.8 |
| Stomach diseases | 55 | 16.7 |
| Neuropathy | 2 | 0.6 |
| Overweight/Obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2), n (%) | 106 | 32.5 |