Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Value (%)
Age (years) 57.71±14.4
Number of EA sessions 12.3±8.37
Gender
Male 25 (41.7)
Female 35 (58.3)
Pain location
Neck 16 (26.7)
Back 32 (53.3)
Limbs 12 (20)
Pain origin
Osteoarthritis 33 (55.0)
Herniated disc 16 (26.67)
Trauma 3 (5.0)
Inflammation 4 (6.67)
Autoimmune disorders 1 (1.66)
Others 3 (5.0)
Concurrent treatment
Herbal decoctions 35 (58.3)
Acetaminophen and/or NSAIDs 1 (1.7)
Acetaminophen and/or NSAIDs with herbal decoctions 13 (21.7)
None 11 (18.3)
Adverse effects
Swelling 3 (3.3)
Skin irritation 1 (1.67)
Dizziness 1 (1.67)
Fatigue 1 (1.67)
Others 0 (0.0)
EA, electroacupuncture; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.