Table 1. Difference in demographic characteristic, physical examination, access recirculation, AVF thrombosis, and access flows across hemodialysis patients with non-stenosis (n=193), stenosis<50% (n=48), and stenosis≥50% (n=83)

Characteristics	The sample (n=324)	AVF non-stenosis (n=193)	AVF stenosis<50% (n=48)	AVF stenosis≥50% (n=83)	p-value
Baseline characteristics
Gender
Men	150 (46.3)	96 (49.7)	17 (35.4)	37 (44.6)	0.19
Women	174 (53.7)	97 (50.3)	31 (64.6)	46 (55.4)
Age in years (M, SD)	49.77 (15.12)	49.53 (15.21)	50.77 (15.74)	49.73 (14.71)	0.881)
BMI (kg/m2) (M, SD)	21.47 (4.38)	21.49 (4.84)	21.49 (4.16)	21.42 (3.29)	0.991)
Dialysis vintage in years (M, SD)	9.13 (5.65)	9.74 (5.83)	8.29 (5.76)	8.19 (5.02)	0.061)
Hypertension (n, %)	215 (66.4)	136 (70.5)	28 (58.3)	51 (61.4)	0.15
Diabetes mellitus (n, %)	40 (12.3)	20 (10.4)	6 (12.5)	14 (16.9)	0.32
History of previous CVC placements (n, %)	161 (49.7)	91 (47.2)	31 (64.6)	39 (47.0)	0.08
History of previous AVF creation (n, %)	260 (80.2)	157 (81.3)	35 (72.9)	68 (81.9)	0.38
Physical examination
Current placed AVF
Forearm	207 (63.9)	133 (68.9)	26 (54.2)	48 (57.8)	0.07
Upper arm	117 (36.1)	60 (31.1)	22 (45.8)	35 (42.2)
Left site of AVF	238 (73.5)	137 (71.0)	34 (70.8)	67 (80.7)	0.22
Swollen fistula arm	32 (9.9)	15 (7.8)	3 (6.2)	14 (16.9)	0.04
Collateral veins in ipsilateral arm	26 (8.0)	7 (3.6)	5 (10.4)	14 (16.9)	<0.01
Positive arm elevation test	165 (50.9)	52 (26.9)	39 (81.2)	74 (89.2)	<0.01
Positive pulse augmentation test	123 (38.0)	4 (2.1)	43 (89.6)	76 (91.6)	<0.01
Access recirculation (%) (M, SD)	7.14 (8.89)	5.89 (5.76)	6.44 (6.19)	10.45 (14.03)	<0.011)
AVF thrombosis	7 (2.2)	1 (0.5)	0	6 (7.2)
Access flow (mL/min) at four different sites
Brachial artery (Qa) (M, SD)	1,472.94 (951.06)	1,613.81 (969.26)	1,308.65 (980.29)	1,240.40 (833.78)	<0.011)
Anastomosis (M, SD)	1,641.15 (1,416.44)	1,820.35 (1,468.98)	1,623.92 (1,550.24)	1,234.45 (1,108.88)	<0.011)
5 cm from the anastomosis (M, SD)	1,643.18 (1,798.89)	1,927.95 (1,999.27)	1,362.42 (1,385.97)	1,143.37 (1,340.43)	<0.011)
10 cm from the anastomosis (M, SD)	1,418.70 (1,677.05)	1,637.31 (1,754.45)	1,185.52 (1,608.97)	1,045.22 (1,449.79)	0.021)
Qmean (mL/min) (M, SD)	1,543.99 (1,280.31)	1,749.85 (1,333.15)	1,370.13 (1,292.78)	1,165.86 (1,036.94)	<0.011)
Qmin (mL/min) (M, SD)	985.40 (768.38)	1,136.49 (742.09)	839.60 (884.34)	718.37 (670.53)	<0.011)

All used Chi squared test, except stated others.
Oneway ANOVA test.
AVF, arteriovenous fistula; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; n, frequency; %, percentage; CVC, central venous catheters.