| Spu S100A9 [45] | 2017 | NA (Spu Neu≥60%, Spu Eos<3%),EA (SPu Neu<60%, Spu Eos≥3%),MGA (Spu Neu≥60%, Spu Eos≥3%),PGA (Spu Neu<60%, Spu Eos<3%) | NA>EA and NA>PGACorrelation:+Spu Neu | S100A9 induced: ↑The recruitment of Neu and Mφ ↑The release of IL-1β, IL-17, and IFN-γ |
| Serum S100A9 [21] | 2021 | NA (Spu Neu≥65%)Non-NA (Spu Neu<65%) | NA>non-NAAssociation:+Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-α+Spu Neu | S100A9 induced: ↓Tight-junction proteins in AECs ↑The release of IL-8 from AECs ↑The formation of NETs from Neu ↑The release of cytokines from Mφ |
| Serum SAA1 [20] | 2021 | NA (Spu Neu≥65%)Non-NA (Spu Neu<65%) | NA>non-NAAssociation:+Serum S100A9 and IL-6+Spu Neu | SAA1 induced: ↑The release of IL-6, IL-1β, and S100A9 from AECs ↑The formation of NETs from Neu ↑The release of cytokines from Mφ ↑The release of IL-17A from CD4+ T cells |
| Plasma CCL4 [16] | 2023 | ICS non-respondersICS responders | ICS non-responders>ICS respondersCorrelation: –FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF25%–75% | CCL4L2 induced: ↑The formation of NETs from Neu ↑The recruitment of Neu ↑The release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 |
| Spu IL-1β [22] | 2024 | NA (Spu Neu≥65%, Spu Eos<3%)EA (Spu Eos≥3%, Spu Neu<65%) | NA (with high-dose ICSs)>EACorrelation:+Spu MPO and MMP-9 | Downregulation of otulin induced: ↑The release of IL-1β from Mφ and AECsIL-1β induced: ↑The recruitment of Neu and ILC3s ↑The release of cytokines from Neu and ILC3 |